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Friendfield Plantation is a 3,305-acre plantation near Georgetown, South Carolina composed of parts of six former plantations.〔〔(NRHP Nomination form ), Sarah Fick, 1996.〕 It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Georgetown County, South Carolina in 1996.〔 ==Overview== Its first owner was James Withers (1710-1756), an indigo planter, brick maker in Charleston, South Carolina and rice planter on the Sampit River. He developed the plantation from 1734 onwards.〔(Friendfield Plantation History )〕〔Frances Cheston Train, (A Carolina Plantation Remembered ), ''The Social Register Association'', Summer 2013〕 He bought slaves from Barbados, where they had been transported from Africa.〔 In 1818, Francis Withers (1768-1847), a grandson of James, built a new house on the Friendfield Plantation.〔 In the Low Country, where slaves developed a concentrated culture on large plantations and slaves from Africa continued to be imported, African Americans developed what became known as the Gullah culture. It has been recognized as distinct for its creole African roots in language, cuisine and culture, and adaptations to the region. In the 1850s Jim Robinson, the great-great grandfather of First Lady Michelle Obama, was among the enslaved laborers on the Friendfield Plantation.〔 Dr. Alexius Mador Forster, III, MD (1815-1879), Francis Wither's son-in-law, ran the plantation, but it fell into disrepair after the American Civil War of 1861-1865, due to an extended agricultural depression, the change to free labor, and the sudden lack of economic resources.〔 After the war, the land was mostly cultivated by sharecroppers, freedmen who paid a portion of their crop to use the land. Robinson is believed to have been among them.〔 Friendfield Plantation passed out of the Withers family in 1897 when Elizabeth Hunt Warham Forster (1820-1906) sold it to B. Walker Cannon. (In truth, it had passed from the Withers bloodline in 1847 when Francis Withers died, as Elizabeth was his step-daughter.) The property was later purchased by Patrick C. McClary, Sr., who used it as a duck hunting club.〔 In 1926, the Friendfield House burned down in a fire.〔 In 1930, it was purchased by Radcliffe Cheston, Jr., an investment banker from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.〔〔 Two years later, in 1932, he had a new Friendfield House built, designed by architect Arthur Ingersoll Meigs (1882-1956).〔 Up until the 1950s, sharecroppers lived on the plantation.〔 But during the early 20th century, thousands of African Americans left the region to go north in the Great Migration, seeking better opportunities. In 1989, the property was partly purchased by Daniel Thorne; it is co-owned by him and Frances Cheston Train, a daughter of Radcliffe Cheston.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Friendfield Plantation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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